GCSE Revision

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Revision: Medicine Through Time

In the exam you will need to be able to connect relevant people, their ideas and the developments that followed.

Use these numbers to work through the four areas.

Key issues People, ideas and developments EXPLORE!!
Progress in the understanding of the cause and cure of illness Ideas of cause and cure of illness, from the supernatural to the natural to the scientific.
The work of individuals including Rhazes, Hippocrates, Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch, Paul Ehrlich, Alexander Fleming.		 1
Developments in anatomy and surgery.  Knowledge of anatomy and surgical techniques from prehistoric to modern times. The work of individuals including Claudius Galen, Andreas Vesalius, Ambroise Pare, William Harvey, Sir James Simpson, Joseph Lister, Sir Archbald Maclndoe, Christian Barnard. 2
Continuity and change in preventative medicine.  Preventative measures, from individual and group hygiene to national and international public health initiatives. The work of individuals including Edward Jenner, Edwin Chadwick, Jonas Salk 3
 The development of a medical profession.  The development of a separate profession, from medicine men through barber-surgeons to the highly qualified doctors, nurses and technicians of today. The work of individuals including Hippocrates, Claudius Galen, Ibn Sina (Avicenna), Andreas Vesalius, Florence Nightingale, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson. 4

 

Connecting a Changing Society with Changing Medicine:-

Key features in medical development  

  Changes in society  
  • The establishment of a separate medical profession using a written body of knowledge.  
  • The firm establishment of theories of the natural cause of illness: the theory of the four humours.  
  • Scientific medical investigation leading to: exact anatomical knowledge; the theory of the circulation of the blood; the germ theory of disease.  
  • The development of technically complex drugs and surgical methods.  
  • Greatly increased involvement of the state with health.
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These are linked too!!
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  • The emergence of organised and literate societies in ancient times.  
  • The Greek idea that logical and rational knowledge of nature was possible.  
  • The development of exact and experimental science from the 17th century onwards.      
  • The development of technological research and knowledge in the 19th and 20th centuries.  
  • The gaining of political rights by all classes of people in many countries throughout the world in the 20th century.